![]() ![]() Thus, the equity problem caused by COVID-19 needs to be further investigated based on nationwide data. Furthermore, previous studies have found that the magnitude of impacts of COVID-19 varied across different socioeconomic groups ( Hu and Chen, 2021, Wilbur et al., 2021 and Brough et al., 2020). A composite index that can better measure the level of public fear toward COVID-19 of an area or the level of public fear toward COVID-19 needs to be used for the model development. In addition, most existing studies simply used COVID-19 confirmed cases and(or) confirmed deaths as indexes in their analysis. A national-wide study is needed to investigate the impacts of COVID-19 in different metropolitan areas across the U.S. Some previous studies have conducted regional-specific analyses of the impacts of COVID-19 on the ridership of a particular transit system ( Hu and Chen, 2021, Wilbur et al., 2021 and Brough et al., 2020). Therefore, understanding the impacts of COVID-19 on public transit ridership will be critical for transportation planning to make the right decisions for maintaining safe and effective public transit services under such special circumstances. Meanwhile, public transit is critical for citizens to access essential services such as food or medical services and it will remain at the core of transport systems that keep people moving and keep our cities running. The sharp decline in the number of passengers will affect the operation of public transit and tighten the funding sources. It has theatrically altered public travel behavior worldwide and posed a great challenge for public transportation operations worldwide.Īccording to Transit Data collected from public transit agencies in April 2020, the ridership levels across all public transit modes have been decreased by 73% in the United States, especially the light rail mode has been reduced by nearly 90% ( Transitapp, 2020, EBP, 2021). The widespread COVID-19 has led to profound impacts on our society, economy, and transportation systems. ![]() On the other side, the areas with a higher percentage of the population in poverty, and a higher percentage of the Hispanic population are more likely to experience smaller reductions in public transit ridership. According to the results of both analyses, it was found that the areas with higher median household income, a higher percentage of the population with a Bachelor’s degree or higher, higher employment rate, and a higher percentage of the Asian population are more likely to have more reductions in public transit ridership during the COVID-19 pandemic. ![]() After that, to analyze the impact of COVID-19 and some socioeconomic factors on transit ridership reduction during the COVID-19 pandemic, a random-effects panel data model was developed and the traditional correlation analysis was also conducted. At first, COVID-19 composite index was developed to qualitatively measure the level of public fear toward COVID-19 in different metropolitan areas. In this paper, a national-wide study is conducted to investigate the impacts of COVID-19 on the public transit ridership in the top twenty metropolitan areas in the U.S. ![]()
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